Fahrenheit 451 Knowledge and Ignorance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 483 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Fahrenheit 451 Essay Ray Bradbury Essay Did you like this example? Knowledge is a familiarity understanding of someone or something which is acquired by experience or education by perceiving. It is known as the body of truth, information and principles. Knowledge applies to fact acquired, observing and experiencing which one can do by reading and studying. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fahrenheit 451: Knowledge and Ignorance" essay for you Create order In the book Fahrenheit 451 society has a huge impact if someone has knowledge or is seem bright because then they will not be equal as everyone else. This world is based upon a socially equality society. This society gains equality without education because citizens will not have a higher IQ than others. It as well gains no responsibility and sensibility. In the novel Fahrenheit 451 Guy known as Montag is a book burning robot he reports to work, copes with his suicidal wife and walks through his television obsessed world. Montag does not realize the harm he is doing nor cares. Although his 17 year old neighbor Clarisse shakes Montag out of his stupor. And I thought about books. And for the first time I realized that a man was behind each one of the books (Bradburry 49). Montag realizes that books have value and starts to understand why people read them in the first place. Clarisse has an extraordinary imagination and a passion for observation, she indirectly forces Guy to examine the world around him and inspires him to take action. Montag starts to steal and read books for himself which leads him to danger. Causing his wife to leave him because their house is ruined. She ran past with her body stiff, her face floured with powder, her mouth gone, without lipstick climbed in the beetle and sat mumbling poor family, poor family, oh everything gone (Bradbury 114). Montags wife Mildred refers to the items in the house when she says everything gone not caring she lost her husband. Mildred caring more for the items in their home than her husband says a lot about their society because it shows how items are more valuable than family. The people you shared memories with and spent a life with is not as important than items. Bradbury tries to get readers attention convey how our society will become if we let technology take control. Which is not true because although technology is really advance now people still have sentametle feelings and their knowledge is not limited. Overall the difference between Montag society and now is how they feel knowledge is to powerful and everyone should stay equal. We stand against the small tide of those who want to make everyone unhappy with conflicting theory and thought (Bradbury 59). Captain Baily point of view on books is how unhappy it would make people feel therefore they should fix their problem by burning rather than facing it. This statement is different from society today because we live in a world where we have to be responsible and face our consequences rather than avoiding and fleeing.

Where the Red Fern Grows Essay - 1772 Words

Where the Red Fern Grows I cannot remember the first time I read Where the Red Fern Grows, by Wilson Rawls. I read it at about age ten, and I have lost count of how many times I read it since. It was a period in my life when childhood was nearly over, but adolescence had not yet set in, and it was a time when animals were my greatest love. Where the Red Fern Grows is a novel about a young boy and his two dogs, but to an animal-lover, it is much more. The story is told in the first person narrative, by an adult reminiscing about his childhood; the reader experiences life through the eyes of an eleven year old boy living in the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas. Over the boys shoulder, an older narrator frequently†¦show more content†¦As a child I read Where the Red Fern Grows for its adventures and the profound love Billy has for his two dogs. Billy and his dogs go hunting every night and play in the river during the day. Since I felt I was somewhat of a tomboy, and had two dogs of my own, this greatly appealed to me. The suspense I felt whenever the dogs treed a coon, or the time Grandpa was lost in the blizzard and the dogs found him, never ceased each time I read the book. As I re-read it now, however, I can see that there are many more factors that appealed to me, but I did not realize it at the time. This is a book about love -- not only human love for an animal, but the love of a parent for a child, a man for his home, and a special love between two animals. Billys family is extremely close-knit. His mother teaches Billy and his two sisters to read and write because the school is too far away, and when he turns eleven. Billys father lets him help out in the fields. To complete the happy nest. Grandpa lives right down the road, and has the family over every Sunday afternoon for supper. There is security in this atmosphere of love. After leaving home for three days to pick up the puppies, Billys mother breaks down and cries at his return -- this is punishment enough for Billy, and heShow MoreRelatedWhere the Red Fern Grows919 Words   |  4 PagesWhere the Red Fern Grows by Fgosal Where the Red Fern Grows tells about a man named Billy Colman, whose mind drifted away back on his boyhood memories when he got his dogs. The young Billy was a boy who wanted two coon hunting dogs of his own more than anything in the world. He worked very hard by selling wares and saved money to pursue his dreams. After two years, he finally had enough money for two dogs. Billy made a difficult journey to get his dogs. He loved his dogs very much and spentRead More Where the Red Fern Grows by Wilson Rawls Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pages Where the Red Fern grows nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; A novel by Wilson Rawls named Where the Red Fern Grows is the story of a boy, his two hounds (which he named Old Dan and Little Ann), and all of the adventures they shared together. A loving threesome, they ranged the dark hills and river bottoms of the Cherokee country. Old Dan had the brawn, Little Ann had the brains, and Billy had the will to train them to be the finest hunting team in the valley. Glory and victoryRead MoreWhere the Red Fern Grows909 Words   |  4 PagesWhere the Red Fern Grows by Fgosal Where the Red Fern Grows tells about a man named Billy Colman, whose mind drifted away back on his boyhood memories when he got his dogs. The young Billy was a boy who wanted two coon hunting dogs of his own more than anything in the world. He worked very hard by selling wares and saved money to pursue his dreams. After two years, he finally had enough money for two dogs. Billy made a difficult journey to get his dogs. He loved his dogs very much and spent almostRead MoreThe Theme Of Persistence In Where The Red Fern Grows1093 Words   |  5 Pagesto become the person you believe you were meant to be.† Sheehan meant in this quote that you can do anything if you are willing to use your willpower and energy to do so. This leads to the theme shown in Where the Red Fern Grows by Mr.Rawls. In the development of the book Where the Red Fern Grows the main theme persistence will lead to your own success is shown strongly throughout. To demonstrate the means of how Rawls showed the previously stated theme we shall start from the beginning. PersistenceRead MoreA Library Card Opened New Worlds1106 Words   |  5 Pagesentertainment available. They are transportable, either in paper copy or digitally, and they are always waiting for the reader to return to the adventure held between the title page and the end. As an adult, looking back on all the books read, Where the Red Fern Grows is the greatest story about a boy and his dogs. This book has kids, puppies and adventure with an underlying story of hard work and spirituality. The library may be virtual, but the expansion of imagination through books is timeless. TheRead MoreGreen Forest Is Easy On The Eye1125 Words   |  5 Pagesvolcanoes, plains, plateaus and just over 15,000 kilometres of coastline, it shapes a diverse landscape. Over time, plants have evolved and adapted to this landscape and climate. Today there are 2,418 native species of forest plants, which includes ferns and grasses. Native mosses, liverworts, hornworts and lichens make up approximately another 3,480 plants. Most plants are evergreen with about (still counting) 28 deciduous species. Beech Forest â€Å"I like how a montane beech forest defines a distinctRead MoreBeech Forest Ecosystems1403 Words   |  6 Pages‘Southern Beeches’, and consist of three species: red, silver and hard beech, and two varieties: black and mountain beech (Wardle, 1984). Nothofagus trees occur as elements of rainforest and usually grow on harsher sites than most other rainforest trees. Hard and black beeches are known as the lowland beeches, and occupy thin soils of ridge crests in regions where low-land conifer-broadleaf forest predominates. The montane beeches – red, silver and mountain, grow at colder altitudes and latitudes (DawsonRead MoreThere Is An Additional Bonus Besides The Saving Of Money1639 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide enough plants for the Small home garden for the summer season. We can also grow Shell Beans for double use . . . as Snap Beans when they are young and tender, or, if allowed to fully mature, we can dry them for kitchen use in the winter season after frost has cut down the vines and bushes. Beet plants in the row ought to be about three inches apart. We approach this ideal spacing by thinning the plants as they grow. The tops of the small plants that are pulled can be cooked and eaten as greensRead MorePlate Tecton ics ( 20 Points )1678 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion 1: Plate Tectonics (20 points) Plate tectonics is a theory where earth’s crust in the lithosphere is made up of plates that float on a hot layer of molten magma in the asthenosphere, and moves constantly and under different circumstances causes mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes to appear. With the evidence of plate tectonics and fossils, it is believed that about 225 million years ago, all the major continents had formed one giant continent known as Pangaea. However, due to possibleRead MoreTropical Caribbe Climate Of The Caribbean Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pagesrange in colour from grey to brown to tan. It is not very fertile soil. Zarzal Soil- Zarzal soil is ideal for gardening and landscaping because it drains well and is very fertile. It is commonly on mountainsides and it layers deeply. The soil is dark red and is made of a lot of clay but it drains well. Humatas Soil- This soil is found on ridges and hillsides, it has a silty texture and dark chocolate brown colour for around 10 centimetres. The net subsoil is about 30 centimetres thick with chunks of

Radar in the Modern World Essay Example For Students

Radar in the Modern World Essay Scott MartinD. HylandEnglish 192Research PaperRadar in the Modern WorldRadar is usually taken for granted in these days of modern technology. Many people do not know how radar is really used, how it works, or why we need it. People are familiar with several uses of radar like police enforcement radar guns and radar that measures how fast a baseball is pitched in a major league game. These are only a few of the many uses radar has to offer. Radar can determine several properties of an object from a distance, such as its position, speed, direction of travel, and shape; it can also detect objects out of the range of sight in all weather conditions, making it a fundamental utility for many industries. The term radar actually came from the acronym representing RAdio Detection And Ranging. Radar is a detection system used to locate and identify objects. Simply put, radar is the process in which radio waves are emitted from the source of the system; those waves ricochet off objects in their path, and the radar system detects the echoes of signals that return. One would think that so important a contribution to the worlds technology would be chronicled with great care at every stepThis, unfortunately, is not the case, and for reasons quite understandable (Page 14). Sometimes history can be hard to distinguish from truth and legend, the history of radar is no exception. Many contributions have been made to the development of radar over the years. For many years prior and during the Second World War, radar was considered a top-secret military tool. Once it was made public, people used the existing information about radar to come up with their own variations for different applications. A s a result, the true origin of radar has become blurred within conflicting claims. Radar can be traced back as far as 1832 when British physicist Michael Faraday suggested the existence of an electromagnetic field between certain objects from his scientific observations. Working from these ideas, British physicist James Clerk Maxwell predicted mathematically the existence and behavior of radio waves in 1873. In 1886, physicist Heinrich Hertz from Germany and Elihu Thomson from America confirmed the existence of radio waves with demonstrations showing examples of reflection, refraction, and direction finding of radio waves. By 1904, Christian Hulsmeyer, a German inventor, applied for a patent for a device that used radio waves in a collision-avoidance device for ships. Hulsmeyers system was not very accurate and only signaled when two ships radio waves were in concurrent directions, which meant that they were headed directly for each other; however, it was only effective for a range of one mile. His detection device worked off the ships existing low-frequency radios which did not travel very far. In June of 1922, Italian radio expert, Guglielmo Marconi drew attention to the fact that he had observed the reflection of high-frequency waves by metallic objects many miles away (Page 183); soon after this discovery, many people from around the world began developing devices to use this discovery for navigation purposes . The first true discovery of radar was in September of 1922 when Americans Albert H. Taylor and Leo C. Young observed the interruption of high frequency radio communication by ship passing between transmitter and receiver. They also observed beats produced by large objects when they moved within the transmission area (between the source and receiver). Taylor and Young named it the beat method for a reason. While working with a high frequency radio communication from opposing sides of a river in New York, the normal steady tone that they were working on suddenly grew twice in loudness then faded into nothing. A short time after, the tone grew back to twice its original loudness, and then back down to its original decibel level. In curiosity, the men looked out to see that a large steam boat had just passed through their line of radio signal causing the gap in radio contact. Since both men were employed by the U.S. Navy, they knew the difficulties the navy had with guarding a harbor in low visibility (Page 21). At that moment, the first practical use of radar was born. Radar was still in its infancy, but ideas were showing up everywhere. In 1930, Young and Lawrence A. Hyland were studying at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, experimenting with a short-wave transmitter and receiver over several miles. The receiver started to pick up unusual reception, and the tone fluctuated up and down. Looking for what was wrong, Hyland checked and rechecked all the possibilities. Finally, he discovered that at every instance the mysterious ac tion took place, an airplane was flying overhead. With this new discovery, radar became a known science, and the military set up a formalized project titled Detection of Enemy Vessels and Aircraft by Radio (Page 26). These two discoveries by Young, Taylor, and Hyland were crucial in the development of the original form of radar. Without these discoveries, there would be no radar. Miles Davis Persuasive EssayThe implications of radar are unimaginably diverse, from police enforcement for speed all the way to satellite imaging. One of the most common encounters with radar people deal with is police-issued radar guns. Law enforcement officers use radar in order to tell them how fast drivers are traveling. Police must aim the radar at a reflective surface, such as a piece of metal on a car, and the gun picks up the returning waves; the returned waves are measured and calculated internally using the Doppler Principle. Doppler radar is used in many ways, and the most common way people encounter is on the television. The news at five oclock always shows the weather predictions for the upcoming days. The meteorologist shows several images of the United States. What he/she shows are the weather movements. They can easily look up weather movements using satellite imaging and radar. This radar is called Doppler Radar; it uses electric pulses out into the atmosphere almost constantly. The radar that returns is from the raindrops within a cloud. They can create a digital picture of the cloud shape from the different lengths of the returned microwaves. Over time, the cloud(s) move, and the radar in conjunction with satellite imaging, which also uses radar, creates a picture on a computer screen in turn, showed on viewers home televisions. Viewers are now accustomed to seeing the forecasts with the radar-produced images. Some consider radar the most useful tool in warfare. During World War II, both sides used radar as a fairly accurate indicator of location. Radar prevented the enemy from carrying out surprise aerial attacks. One thing that the radar could not yet perform is distinguish between friendly aircraft, enemy aircraft, or even a large flock of birds. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1945 was a complete surprise on the Pacific fleet because the soldiers watching the radar saw the incoming aircraft and assumed it to be their own array of bombers returning early. Needless to say, radar has improved over the last 60 years. Military today depends on radar for more information today then they ever did before. Radar can be in fixed positions, mobile units, or even satellites. The element of surprise is a great advantage in military tactics, and the removal of the surprise can be quite beneficial to the defender. Military uses radar for two main reasons: to constantly scan for enemies or to pinpoint potential targets. It is extremely effective in both applications. Another effect radar has on the world is through the applications in aviation. Used all over the world in thousands of airports, radar has increased safety by an immeasurable degree. Depending on how large the airport may be, it could have its own radar system. Air traffic control uses radar to see aircrafts locations. Using the information about the location of the aircraft, the Air Traffic Control man/woman can direct the individual aircraft out of harms way. Several aircraft today, especially military, have display screens showing where other aircraft are. Even though they can see where the other aircraft is, the radar system is on the ground in a fixed point. Truly understanding how radar works takes a lot of dedication to the subject. Calculus and trigonometry are involved with the processing of radar. Many people have dedicated their lives to further understanding radar because of their interests. Throughout the world, radar has countless uses ranging from measuring how fast pitchers can throw the ball during a baseball game, what the weather is going to be, how fast a car is going down a street, and to the extremes of pinpointing the position of enemy defense posts. Without radar, life would not be the same. WORKS CITEDBritannica Concise Encyclopedia. 2004. Encyclopedia Britannica. 12 Oct. 2004 . Brookner, Eli. Radar Technology. Dedham, Eng. Artech, 1977. Cole, Henry W., Understanding RADAR. London: Collins, 1985. CopRadar.com. 1999. 26 Oct. 2004 . Freeman, Tony. What Is Imaging Radar? Jet Propulsion Laboratory-NASA. 26 Oct. 2004. . Online Air Defense Radar Museum. Radomes Inc. 2003. 26 Oct 2004. . Page, Robert Morris. The Origin of Radar. Garden City, NJ: Anchor, 1962. Radar Meteorology. 1997. University of Illinois. 26 Oct. 2004 . Shafford, A. Basic Radar. Knightsbridge: Modern UP, 1947. Toomay, J.C. Radar Principles for the Non-Specialist. 2nd ed. Mendham, NJ: Scitech, 1998.

Twelfth night appearance vs reality free essay sample

Many of the problems and confusions in Shakespeare’s â€Å"Twelfth Night† are the result of gender bending episodes, many of which involve disguise and deceit of one form or another. In the most prominent examples of disguise and appearance versus reality in Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare,appearances hide an important reality and sometimes actually hinder a character from developing or attaining his or her desire. Certainly, Viola in â€Å"Twelfth Night† by Shakespeare is the clearest example since her love for Orsino must go unrecognized until the appearance is exchanged for reality. Furthermore, the problems associated with deceit and reality create tension in â€Å"Twelfth Night† by Shakespeare, especially in the case of Malvolio. In addition to these more explicit examples of appearances not matching reality, there are other aspects to the play that are not entirely clear in terms of gender. For example, the typical love relationships in â€Å"Twelfth Night† by Shakespeare, especially between men, are often confused and somewhat ambiguous. We will write a custom essay sample on Twelfth night appearance vs reality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although by the end of â€Å"Twelfth Night† by Shakespeare, the reader is assured by the marriages and heterosexual unions of the central characters, one cannot completely ignore the larger implications and suggestions made such episodes of gender bending. The comedic nature of Twelfth Night is produced as a result of these mix-ups and without them, this could easily have been a tragedy in which frustrated lovers were scorned and siblings were lost and mourned for years. The action of â€Å"Twelfth Night† by Shakespeare is driven by Viola’s decision to voluntarily conceal her identity and go to work as a servant for the lovesick Orsino instead of Olivia. In one of the important quotes from Twelfth Night by Shakespeare She tells the Captain that she wishes to become a eunuch and begs him to, â€Å"Conceal me what I am, and be my aid / For such disguise as haply shall become / The form of my intent† (I. ii. 51-53). This disguise and gender confusion early in the play serves Viola quite well in the beginning, especially since she is a young woman alone in a strange city. With this vulnerability removed, she is now free to seek employment although she does not figure it will cause her as much trouble as it does. In the case of Viola/Cesario the appearance constitutes the reality for other characters, but of course, not for herself. As her love for her master grows, she finds herself wishing for the reality but is now so embroiled in events that she cannot turn back. She expresses her tension when she states, â€Å"O time, thou must untangle this, not I. / It is too hard a knot for me t’ untie† but realizes that she cannot, at this point at least, reveal her identity—the reality behind the appearance. There is a sense of hopelessness in the battle between what one sees and what is truth and it is best summed at the climax of this identity conflict when Viola, realizing that Olivia loves her/him, says, â€Å"Poor lady, she were better love a dream† (II. ii. 24). In other words, the dream is the appearance while the reality is unattainable because of it. It is only through another case of mistaken identity (the arrival of her brother) that she allowed to shed the appearance and engage in the reality. Through means of deceit, appearances and reality are confused as well in Twelfth Night. This is most obvious in the case of the trick played upon Malvolio. Interestingly, he is a character that is not necessarily likable, especially when we first encounter him, but at least he is one of the few that does not seem to have any kind of disguise other than the fact that his simple background does not match up with the grand vision he has of being â€Å"Count Malvolio. † Despite his outward participation in creating an appearance to replace reality, he still is a victim of this paradigm in his own thoughts. He has an enormous ego that allows him to look only at the outward appearances rather than into the deeper truth or reality and gladly takes on another appearance to satisfy the conditions set forth to (supposedly) make his wish reality. Malvolio grows into the role of the love object (which can be seen as a disguise of sorts) and wears the yellow stockings because he has been misled. His behavior echoes the words of Orsino, who laments, â€Å"So full of shapes is fancy / That it alone is high fantastical† (I. i. 14-15). In this line, Orsino is stating that â€Å"fancy† or romantic love is fantastical and not associated with reality. Whether it is Malvolio acting as a fool for love or Orsino who wishes only to lay about all day thinking about his Olivia in the beginning, the two themes are clear—love itself is the ultimate form appearances trumping reality and appearances, when taken too lightly, begin dictating reality. Appearances versus reality are also an issue for the reader of Twelfth Night as well as the characters. The play opens with a character deciding to take on another gender appearance and although there are characters who never take a formal disguise, gender identities and love interests still seem less than traditional throughout the play. For example, while it is almost expected that Viola/Cesario might have an inclination to love her master, it twists the situation later when the reader begins to see that perhaps Orsino might have a love interest in his boy servant. Even after Viola’s true appearance and reality is exposed and confirmed, Orsino still has a strange attachment to the idea of being more in love with the boy rather than the female behind him. At one point near the end, Orsino says, â€Å"Cesario, come— / For so you shall be while you are a man; / but when in other habits you are seen, / Orsino’s mistress and his fancy’s queen†   and this demonstrates that there is still an interchangeable nature to the gender and thus the reality over appearance in this situation. A similar example of unexpected love crossing gender lines can also be seen in the case of Antonio who follows Sebastian, not necessarily out of some sense of manly duty it seems, but rather because of â€Å"desire/ More sharp than filed steel† (III. iii. 4-5). While none of these less traditional gender pairings are ever confirmed by the ending, they give the play an even more confusing quality and bring the question of what appearances versus reality really means in any case. In sum, it seems as though Shakespeare wishes audiences to consider the true nature of reality when a multitude of appearances can have an effect on our perception of it. Also, by presenting the issue of appearances versus reality in so many contexts (cross-dressing, outright trickery, mistaken identity, and ambiguous love pairings) the reader is made to understand that appearances can sometimes be of little or no value. If all of the characters had been more in tune with reality rather than centering on their own and other characters’ appearances, one can easily assume this wouldn’t make such a grand comedy.

Scarlet Essays - English-language Films, The Scarlet Letter

Scarlet Letter And Pearl I can remember about six years ago when I realized that my parents were going to be divorced. I never understood why something so horrible was happening to me. I resented my parents for putting me through so much pain. I later realized my parents were ending their marriage because my father had committed adultery. I hated my father and felt sorry for my mother. I never ever looked at my father the same. I see myself as having something in common with the character Pearl in the novel The Scarlet Letter. I was not born a bastard, but we both were forced with the awful word of adultery placed on our names. The Scarlet Letter is a book of much symbolism. One of the most complex and misunderstood symbols in the book is Pearl, the daughter of Hester Prynne. Pearl and Hester have a major conflict that in turns contributes to the meaning of the work. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester, for her sins, received a scarlet letter, "A" which she had to wear upon her chest. This was the Puritan way of treating her as a criminal, for the crime of adultery. Hester would walk through the streets, she would be looked down upon as if she were some sort of demon from Hell, that committed a terrible crime. This would give her much mental anguish and grief. On the other hand, God's treatment of Hester for her sin was quite different than just a physical token: he gave Hester the punishment of a very unique child which she named Pearl. This punishment handed down from God was a constant mental and physical reminder to Hester of what she had done wrong, and she could not escape it. In this aspect, Pearl symbolized God's way of punishing Hester for adultery. The way Hester's life was ruined for so long was the ultimate price that Hester paid for Pearl. With Pearl, Hester's life was one almost never filled with joy, but instead a constant nagging. Pearl would harass her mother over the scarlet "A" which she wore. Pearl would also make her own "A" to wear, and sometimes she played games with her mother's "A", trying to hit it with rocks. When Hester would go into the town with Pearl, the other children would make fun of her, and Pearl would yell and throw dirt at them. Although Hester had so much trouble with Pearl, she still felt that Pearl was her treasure. Pearl was really the only thing that Hester had in life, and if Pearl wasn't in Hester's life, Hester would never have been able to go on. Once and a while, Pearl would bring joy to Hester's life, and that helped her to keep on living. Pearl really was the scarlet letter, because if Pearl had never been born, Hester would have never been found guilty of adultery, and thus never would have had to wear that burden upon her chest. Without that burden, Hester would have led a much better life then the one she had throughout the novel. I never had to go through as much anguish as Pearl, mostly because adultery is accepted, the President has even done it. Pearl represented the scarlet letter "A", she was a kind of burden, yet love for Hester. Pearl was more then her mother's only treasure; she was her mother's only source of survival. The way that my parents love me with a never ending love, this was too placed on Pearl and Hester.

Middle eastern music final question examples Essay Example

Middle eastern music final question examples Essay Example Middle eastern music final question examples Paper Middle eastern music final question examples Paper Essay Topic: Poetry The Egyptians and the Arab audiences in general felt connected to Kulthum because they heard their own stories in her songs and she represented and supported the Arab world through her performances One learns that her old fashioned ways included a preference to be interviewed without the means of recording t/f true Kulthum insisted that her band musicians had to learn new songs aurally she was against the use of music scores t/f true Kulthums roots were within the egyptian countryside; she was from a poor religious family She began her singing career as a child, along her fathers side, singing at religious celebrations (mulids) When she moved to Cairo in the 1920s, the city was thriving and cosmopolitan, but under British rule The technology that mostly promoted her career was radio Kulthum supported the 1952 revolution and Nasser. True or False? True Kulthum supported King Farouk and the British. True or False? False Kulthum financially supported the Egyptian government in the 1960s. True or False? True The Egyptians compared Kulthum with pyramids Kulthums stage presence: Which TWO of the following statements are true? 1. She encouraged people to dance along with her on the stage. 2. She used to hold a handkerchief as her personal trademark. 3. She looked very formal. 2 and 3 Some of the interviewees seemed eager to sing their personal Kulthum favorite song in front of the camera Kulthum was praised for her strong sense of nationalism. true Kulthums improvisational / embellishment skills are associated with: the concept and manifestation of tarab Which of the following is not a characteristic of classical music genres (consider both western and Arab classical music genres)? old, historical, large ensembles, formal context (all of the above) During the late 19th century, this music was performed in all but one of the following venues: Village/Rural weddings One of the following musical instruments is not included in the core takht ensemble: tabla The nay has a characteristic _______________ timbre. breathy The only zither chordophone in the takht ensemble is the: qanun One of the following musical genres is not part of the wasla form: shabi The highly expressive Layali (featured in track 14) is an improvisatory genre. true Track 14 is non-metrical. true Track 12 uses the __________ iqa. samai The iqa in the taqtuqa Il bahr nayim is played by the: riqq Which of the following is not an example of the expressions shouted out by the audience when experiencing tarab (refer to What makes Arab music unique on the content tab)? oh my eye what did we do to you to do this? are you trying to make us die today? (all of them) Is Music Haram? Which one of the following is true? the issue is contentious In an effort to address the issue of permissibility of music, Islamic scholars primarily look into: the quran and the hadith One of the following types of music has suffered much less from censorship that the rest: chanted poetry The following aspect is taken in consideration when examining the permissibility of a piece of music: context and content of lyrics In Turkey under Kemal Ataturk (see the related video Be Happy, its an Order on the content tab), the villagers were forced to listen to: western classical music Sufis (followers of Sufism, which is the mystical branch of Islam): embrace music as part of their rituals According to the hadith reviewed in the textbook, frame drums: are halal The interpolation of religious lyrics in a pop song is generally considered: blasphemous In Pop music; singing of a beloved homeland (see content tab), we learn that Islamic extremists banned rai claiming that: it embraced Western ways and featured sexually explicit lyrics Right after the Islamic revolution of 1979: Several Iranian singers left the country since music was banned Sherry Bijan and 3P (see their related music videos on the content tab), contemporary Iranian female singers, dont show their faces on their music videos because: if caught, they may be sentenced Iranian rap is: thriving but mostly underground Amr Diab is a singer of: shababi The song Albi ikhtarak: has similarities w/ Santanas smooth and has Latin/Spanish influences Tamally maak: is a shababi song and features a guitar The lyrics of Is salamu alaykum are more poetic that those of Tamally maak true or false false The Egyptian authorities frowned upon Hakim because of his use of the expression is-salamu alaykum shabi songs are upbeat and feature memorable choruses and have their roots in folk music Shabi emerged in the 1970s because the times were prosperous. true of false false Shabi emerged in the 1970s at a time when the Egyptians were looking for an alternative sound to that of Umm Kulthum and the old masters of tarab music. true of false true The sound of early shabi (listen to Ahmed Adawiyyas Bent El Sultan located on the content tab) sounds closer to classical Arab music with its use of a large firqa orchestra. true or false false Shabi music keeps the following musical elements of past musical traditions (tip: read textbook carefully; see close to the end of the chapter): iqa and maqam and call and response The lyrics of Hakims Il-kalam da kabir (textbook CD track 26) talk about a fathers agony in search of his lost son. true or false false Il-kalam da kabir (textbook CD track 26) features the ___________ iqa. saidi Contemporary shabi music (listen to Egypt 3 Cairo underground on the content tab): incorporates DJs and samples The shabi song Youll go to hell (listen to Egypt 3 Cairo underground on the content tab) targets singers who appear on sexually provocative music videos

Unemployment In UK and Effect of a Wage Increase Essay

Unemployment In UK and Effect of a Wage Increase - Essay Example Unemployment In UK and Effect of a Wage Increase In general, a minimum wage rate sets the price of hourly labour at a level that defies the ability of the market forces to determine the price of hourly labour. The legislated minimum wage, of course, is not set below the equilibrium wage rate or the wage rate in which the demand for labour is equal to the quantity of labour supplied or the hours of labour supplied. Otherwise, there would not be a need for a legislation of a minimum wage rate. Legislation on the minimum wage rate is usually above the equilibrium wage rate. At that level, however, or at the level in which the legislated minimum wage rate is higher than the equilibrium wage rate, the quantity demanded for labour or the number of hours of labour demanded is lower than the quantity of labour supplied or number of hours of labour supplied. Thus, involuntary unemployment takes place. In Baumol and Blinder discussion, the line segment AB represents the employment gap. The work of Mankiw and Gwartney et al. also supports the perspective articulated in Figure 1. Varian pointed out the wage increases can actually increase or decrease the supply of labour but Varian’s view on the matter may not be relevant because the wage increase that we are discussing pertain to the minimum wage. Baumol and Blinder pointed out, however, that research undertaken by economists David Cards and Alan Krueger in early 1992 for New Jersey and Pennsylvania reportedly did not provide support for the perspective reflected in Figure 1 because the New Jersey stores in which wages were higher produced more net hiring than their Pennsylvania counterparts whose wages are lower. Thus, even if Baumol and Blinder (2009, p. 115) articulated a conventional perspective on the impact of legislated minimum wage, the authors called for more studies. In another section of Baumol and Blinder (2009, p. 201-202), the authors viewed that an increase in the nominal increase in nominal wage at current prices lead to a leftward shift in the ag gregate supply curve. This is because the marginal costs for output will increase with an increase in the minimum wage. Baumol and Blinder (2009), however, did not clarify if the economic model represented in Figure 2 will also apply to a vertical aggregate supply curve but it seems appropriate to view that it is probably the case. Thus, it is possible that a net effect of an increase in the minimum hourly wage for labour above 21 years old will be to contract the economy, assuming that increasing the minimum wage for above 21 years old will have a net effect of increasing the overall minimum hourly wage. In addition, if the Baumol and Blinder perspective (2009, p. 201-202) applies, the increase in hourly minimum wage (assuming the increase in minimum wage for labour above 21 years old will have that effect), will also lead to an increase in the price level. Of course, we are assuming here that aggregate demand is unchanged. The current world crisis has probably shifted the aggregat e demand to the left and, thus, it is more likely that the contraction will not be associated to a significant increase in prices. Figure 2. Nominal wage and the aggregate supply curve Baumol and Blinde